How Companies Can Better Control IT Costs

Most small to midsize businesses today are constantly under pressure to upgrade their information technology (IT). Whether it’s new software, a better way to use the cloud or a means to strengthen cybersecurity, there’s always something to spend more money on.

If your company keeps blowing its IT budget, rest assured — you’re not alone. The good news is that you and your leadership team may be able to control these costs better through various proactive measures.

Set a philosophy and exercise governance

Assuming your company hasn’t already, establish a coherent IT philosophy. Depending on its industry and mission, your business may need to spend relatively aggressively on technology to keep up with competitors. Or maybe it doesn’t. You could decide to follow a more cautious spending approach until these costs are under control.

Once you’ve set your philosophy, develop clear IT governance policies and procedures for purchases, upgrades and usage. These should, for example, mandate and establish approval workflows and budgetary oversight. You want to ensure that every dollar spent aligns with current strategic objectives and will likely result in a positive return on investment (ROI).

Beware of shiny new toys! Many businesses exceed their IT budgets when one or two decision-makers can’t control their enthusiasm for the latest and greatest solutions. Grant final approval for major purchases, or even a series of minor ones, only after carefully analyzing the technology you have in place and identifying legitimate gaps or shortcomings.

Also, remember that overspending on technology is often driven by undertrained employees. Teach and remind your users to adhere to your IT policies and follow procedures. Doing so can help prevent costly operational mistakes and cybersecurity breaches.

Conduct regular audits

You can’t control costs in any business area unless you know precisely what they are. To get the information you need, regularly conduct IT audits. These are formal, systematic reviews of your IT infrastructure, policies, procedures and usage. IT audits often reveal budget drainers such as:

• Redundant subscriptions for software or other tech services,

• Underused or forgotten software licenses, and

• Outdated or abandoned hardware.

You may discover, for instance, that you’re paying for several different software products with overlapping functionalities. Choosing one and discarding the others could generate substantial savings.

As you search for overspending, also look for examples of IT expenditures delivering a good ROI. You want to be able to refine and repeat whatever decision-making process led you to those wins.

Keep an eye on the cloud

One specific type of IT expense that plagues many businesses relates to cloud services. Like many companies, yours probably uses a “pay as you go” subscription model that includes discounts or rate reductions for lower usage. However, if you don’t monitor your actual cloud usage and claim those discounts or cheaper rates, you can wind up overpaying for months or even years without realizing it.

To avoid this sad fate, ensure that at least one person within your business is well-acquainted with your cloud services contract. Assign this individual (usually a technology executive) the responsibility of making sure the company claims all discounts or rate adjustments it’s entitled to.

One best practice to strongly consider is setting up weekly cloud cost reports that go to the leadership team. Also, be prepared to occasionally renegotiate your cloud services contract so it’s as straightforward as possible and optimally suited to your business’s needs.

Don’t give up

To be clear, controlling IT costs should never mean cutting corners or scrimping on mission-critical technology expenses — particularly those related to cybersecurity. That said, you also should never give up on managing your IT budget. FMD can help you develop a tailored cost-control strategy that keeps your technology current and supports your business objectives.

Growing the Business Means Supporting your Managers

Many different shortcomings can hold back the growth of a company. Some are obvious, such as poor cash flow management or flawed strategic plans. Others aren’t so easy to see.

Take, for example, disjointed or under-supported managers. If you don’t dedicate the time and resources to strengthening the bonds of your management team, and provide the support they need, your company may struggle with slower growth as a consequence.

Follow a collaborative approach

A good place to start is by making sure you’re following a collaborative approach to running the business. Develop strategic goals with your management team’s input and buy-in so everyone is pulling in the same direction. From there, actively work to keep managers engaged in meeting department-specific objectives related to strategic goals.

Collaboration has other benefits, too. More individuals participating in decision-making can mean more creative and well-thought-out solutions. A collaborative approach also distributes the burden of strategic planning so it doesn’t fall on only your shoulders. Sharing responsibility for key decisions — particularly as a business grows — is vital to facilitating progress and seizing opportunities.

Build an accessible knowledge base

Involving managers in decision-making calls for developing a robust, accessible knowledge base about your company’s product or service lines, organizational structure, market, customer base and operating environment. Your management team must be able to view, in real time, the information they need to contribute to strategic planning and guide their departments.

The good news is that today’s technology allows you to create a centralized platform for authorized users to share and access critical data so everyone is on the same page. For example, you can use enterprise resource planning software to gather, store and analyze business intelligence related to core processes such as human resources, financial management and reporting, and supply chain management. You can integrate customer relationship management software to track and share data related to customers, prospects and key contacts.

When in doubt, conduct an assessment

If you’re unsure where your management team stands, you may want to perform a formal assessment. This entails undertaking a thorough and confidential review of every manager to identify issues — whether cultural, technical or interpersonal — that may be detracting from team performance.

To help ensure objectivity, many businesses engage outside consultants specializing in executive or leadership development to perform such assessments. The assessments generally consist of live or virtual interviews, sometimes in group settings, and written or online evaluations. The goal is to gain insights into:

• Individual and group strengths and weaknesses,

• Team dynamics,

• Barriers to success,

• Areas of improvement, and

• Untapped opportunities.

Assessment providers typically issue results in written reports and debriefing sessions. Most will help you create an action plan to make use of the information gathered.

Consider an annual retreat

To take management team building to the next level, you may want to hold annual retreats. Doing so can be particularly important following one of the aforementioned assessments.

Management retreats typically follow a more intense format than company-wide team-building events. Ways to structure each retreat are limited only by budget, creativity and perhaps team members’ physical limitations. The goal is to break down functional silos and communication barriers and build up a greater sense of trust and unity.

However, to fully realize the potential value of a retreat, you must follow up. That means harnessing the experiences and breakthroughs that occur during the event and using them to create an action plan for improving management performance back at the office. (If you’ve also conducted a management team assessment, you can combine the two action plans.)

Give them support

It’s all too easy for managers to get caught up in their respective departments’ day-to-day trials and travails. That’s how growth inhibitors such as knowledge silos and leadership conflicts happen. Give your management team the encouragement and support it deserves. FMD can help you identify and analyze all the costs of performance development at every level of your business.

Business Owners Should Get Comfortable with their Financial Statements

Financial statements can fascinate accountants, investors and lenders. However, for business owners, they may not be real page-turners.

The truth is each of the three parts of your financial statements is a valuable tool that can guide you toward reasonable, beneficial business decisions. For this reason, it’s important to get comfortable with their respective purposes.

The balance sheet

The primary purpose of the balance sheet is to tally your assets, liabilities and net worth, thereby creating a snapshot of your business’s financial health during the statement period.

Net worth (or owners’ equity) is particularly critical. It’s defined as the extent to which assets exceed liabilities. Because the balance sheet must balance, assets need to equal liabilities plus net worth. If the value of your company’s liabilities exceeds the value of its assets, net worth will be negative.

In terms of operations, just a couple of balance sheet ratios worth monitoring, among many, are:

Growth in accounts receivable compared with growth in sales. If outstanding receivables grow faster than the rate at which sales increase, customers may be taking longer to pay. They may be facing financial trouble or growing dissatisfied with your products or services.

Inventory growth vs. sales growth. If your business maintains inventory, watch it closely. When inventory levels increase faster than sales, the company produces or stocks products faster than they’re being sold. This can tie up cash. Moreover, the longer inventory remains unsold, the greater the likelihood it will become obsolete.

Growing companies often must invest in inventory and allow for increases in accounts receivable, so upswings in these areas don’t always signal problems. However, jumps in inventory or receivables should typically correlate with rising sales.

Income statement

The purpose of the income statement is to assess profitability, revenue generation and operational efficiency. It shows sales, expenses, and the income or profits earned after expenses during the statement period.

One term that’s commonly associated with the income statement is “gross profit,” or the income earned after subtracting cost of goods sold (COGS) from revenue. COGS includes the cost of labor and materials required to make a product or provide a service. Another important term is “net income,” which is the income remaining after all expenses — including taxes — have been paid.

The income statement can also reveal potential problems. It may show a decline in gross profits, which, among other things, could mean production expenses are rising more quickly than sales. It may also indicate excessive interest expenses, which could mean the business is carrying too much debt.

Statement of cash flows

The purpose of the statement of cash flows is to track all the sources (inflows) and recipients (outflows) of your company’s cash. For example, along with inflows from selling its products or services, your business may have inflows from borrowing money or selling stock. Meanwhile, it undoubtedly has outflows from paying expenses, and perhaps from repaying debt or investing in capital equipment.

Although the statement of cash flows may seem similar to the income statement, its focus is solely on cash. For instance, a product sale might appear on the income statement even though the customer won’t pay for it for another month. But the money from the sale won’t appear as a cash inflow until it’s collected.

By analyzing your statement of cash flows, you can assess your company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations and manage its liquidity. Perhaps most importantly, you can differentiate profit from cash flow. A business can be profitable on paper but still encounter cash flow issues that leave it unable to pay its bills or even continue operating.

Critical insights

You can probably find more exciting things to read than your financial statements. However, you won’t likely find anything more insightful regarding how your company is performing financially. FMD can help you not only generate best-in-class financial statements, but also glean the most valuable information from them.

Family Business Focus: Taking it to The Next Level

Family businesses often start out small, with casual operational approaches. However, informal (or nonexistent) policies and procedures can become problematic as such companies grow.

Employees may grumble about unclear, inconsistent rules. Lenders and investors might frown on suboptimal accounting practices. Perhaps worst of all, customers can become disenfranchised by slow or unsatisfying service. Simply put, there may come a time when you have to take it to the next level.

4 critical areas

Has your family-owned company reached the point where it needs to expand its operational infrastructure to handle a larger customer base, manage higher revenue volumes and capitalize on new market opportunities? If so, look to strengthen these four critical areas:

1. Performance management. Family business owners often get used to putting out fires and tying up loose ends. However, as the company grows, doing so can get increasingly difficult and frustrating. Sound familiar? The problem may not lie entirely with your employees. If you haven’t already done so, write formal job descriptions. Then, provide proper training to teach staff members how to fulfill the stated duties.

From there, implement a formal performance management system to evaluate employees, give constructive feedback, and help determine promotions and pay raises. Effective performance management not only helps employees improve, but also contributes to motivation and retention. It’s particularly important for nonfamily staff, who may feel like they’re not being evaluated the same way as working family members.

In addition, if you don’t yet have an employee handbook, write one. Work with a qualified employment attorney to refine the language and ask everyone to sign an acknowledgment that they received and read it.

2. Business processes. Think of your business processes as the pistons of the engine that drives your family-owned company. We’re talking about things such as:

• Production of goods or services,

• Sales and marketing,

• Customer support,

• Accounting and financial management, and

• Human resources.

The more you document and enhance these and other processes, the easier it is to train staff and improve their performances. Bear in mind that enhancing business processes usually involves streamlining them to reduce manual effort and redundancies.

3. Strategic planning. Many family business owners keep their company visions to themselves. If they do share them, it’s impromptu, around the dinner table or during family gatherings.

As your company grows, formalize your approach to strategic planning. This starts with building a solid leadership team with whom you can share your thoughts and listen to their opinions and ideas. From there, hold regular strategic-planning meetings and perhaps even an annual retreat.

When ready, share company goals with employees and ask for their feedback. Keeping staff in the loop empowers them and helps ensure they buy into the direction you’re taking.

4. Information technology. Nowadays, the systems and software your family business uses to operate can make or break its success. As your company grows, outdated or unscalable solutions will likely inhibit efficiency, undercut competitiveness, and expose you to fraud or hackers.

Running a professional, process-oriented business generally requires integration. This means all your various systems and software should work together seamlessly. You want your authorized users to be able to get to information quickly and easily. You also want to automate as many processes as possible to improve efficiency and productivity.

Last but certainly not least, you must address cybersecurity. Growing family businesses are prime targets for criminals looking to steal data or abduct it for ransom. Internal fraud is an ever-present threat as well.

Change and adapt

Perhaps the most dangerous thing any family business owner can say is, “But we’ve always done it that way!” A growing company is a testament to your hard work, but you’ll need to be adaptable and willing to change to keep it moving forward. FMD can help you reevaluate and improve all your business processes related to accounting, financial management and tax planning.

Weighing the Pluses and Minuses of HDHPs + HSAs for Businesses

Will your company be ready to add a health insurance plan for next year, or change its current one? If so, now might be a good time to consider your options. These things take time.

A popular benefits model for many small to midsize businesses is sponsoring a high-deductible health plan (HDHP) accompanied by employee Health Savings Accounts (HSAs). Like any such strategy, however, this one has its pluses and minuses.

Ground rules

HSAs are participant-owned, tax-advantaged accounts that accumulate funds for eligible medical expenses. To own an HSA, participants must be enrolled in an HDHP, have no other health insurance and not qualify for Medicare.

In 2025, an HDHP is defined as a plan with at least a $1,650 deductible for self-only coverage or $3,300 for family coverage. Also in 2025, participants can contribute pretax income of up to $4,300 for self-only coverage or $8,550 for family coverage. (These amounts are inflation-adjusted annually, so they’ll likely change for 2026.) Those age 55 or older can make additional catch-up contributions of $1,000.

Companies may choose to make tax-deductible contributions to employees’ HSAs. However, the aforementioned limits still apply to combined participant and employer contributions.

Participants can make tax-free HSA withdrawals to cover qualified out-of-pocket medical expenses, such as physician and dentist visits. They may also use their account funds for copays and deductibles, though not to pay many types of insurance premiums.

Pluses to ponder

For businesses, the “HDHP + HSAs” model offers several pluses. First, HDHPs generally have lower premiums than other health insurance plans — making them more cost-effective. Plus, as mentioned, your contributions to participants’ HSAs are tax deductible if you choose to make them. And, overall, sponsoring health insurance can strengthen your fringe benefits package.

HSAs also have pluses for participants that can help you “sell” the model when rolling it out. These include:

• Participants can lower their taxable income by making pretax contributions through payroll deductions,

• HSAs can include an investment component that may include mutual funds, stocks and bonds,

• Account earnings accumulate tax-free,

• Withdrawals for qualified medical expenses aren’t subject to tax, and the list of eligible expenses is extensive,

• HSA funds roll over from year to year (unlike Flexible Spending Account funds), and

• HSAs are portable; participants maintain ownership and control of their accounts if they change jobs or even during retirement.

In fact, HSAs are sometimes referred to as “medical IRAs” because these potentially valuable accounts are helpful for retirement planning and have estate planning implications as well.

Minuses to mind

The HDHP + HSAs model has its minuses, too. Some employees may strongly object to the “high deductible” aspect of HDHPs.

Also, if not trained thoroughly, participants can misuse their accounts. Funds used for nonqualified expenses are subject to income taxes. Moreover, the IRS will add a 20% penalty if an account holder is younger than 65. After age 65, participants can withdraw funds for any reason without penalty, though withdrawals for nonqualified expenses will be taxed as ordinary income.

Expenses are another potential concern. HSA providers (typically banks and investment firms) may charge monthly maintenance fees, transaction fees and investment fees (for accounts with an investment component). Many companies cover these fees under their benefits package to enhance the appeal of HSAs to employees.

Finally, HSAs can have unexpected tax consequences for account beneficiaries. Generally, if a participant dies, account funds pass tax-free to a spouse beneficiary. However, for other types of beneficiaries, account funds will be considered income and immediately subject to taxation.

Powerful savings vehicle

The HDHP + HSAs model helps businesses manage insurance costs, shifts more of medical expense management to participants, and creates a powerful savings vehicle that may attract job candidates and retain employees. But that doesn’t mean it’s right for every company. Please contact FMD for help assessing its feasibility, as well as identifying the cost and tax impact.

ESOPs can Help Business Owners with Succession Planning

Devising and executing the right succession plan is challenging for most business owners. In worst-case scenarios, succession planning is left to chance until the last minute. Chaos, or at least much confusion and uncertainty, often follows.

The most foolproof way to make succession planning easier is to give yourself plenty of time to develop a plan that suits the intricacies of your situation and then gradually implement it. One vehicle that can help “slow your roll” into retirement or whatever your next stage of life may be is an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).

Little by little

An ESOP is a type of qualified retirement plan that invests solely or mainly in your company’s stock. Because it’s qualified, an ESOP comes with tax advantages as long as you follow the federally enforced rules. These include requirements related to minimum coverage and contribution limits.

Generally, the company sets up an ESOP trust and funds the plan by contributing shares or cash to buy existing shares. Distributions to eligible participants are made in stock or cash. For closely held companies, employees who receive stock have the right to sell it back to the company — exercising “put options” or an “option to sell” — at fair market value during certain time windows.

Although an ESOP involves transferring ownership to employees, it’s different from a management or employee buyout. Unlike a buyout, an ESOP allows owners to cash out and transfer control little by little. During the transfer period, owners’ shares are held in the ESOP trust and voting rights on most issues other than mergers, dissolutions and other major transactions are exercised by the trustees, who may be officers or other company insiders.

Appraisals required

One big difference between ESOPs and other qualified retirement plans, such as 401(k)s, is mandated valuations. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act requires trustees to obtain appraisals by independent valuation professionals to support ESOP transactions. Specifically, an appraisal is needed when the ESOP initially acquires shares from the company’s owners and every year thereafter that the business contributes to the plan.

The fair market value of the sponsoring company’s stock is important because the U.S. Department of Labor specifically prohibits ESOPs from paying more than “adequate consideration” when investing in employer securities. In addition, because employees who receive ESOP shares typically have the right to sell them back to the company at fair market value, the ESOP provides a limited market for its shares.

Drawbacks to consider

An ESOP can play a helpful role in a well-designed succession plan with an appropriately long timeline. However, there are potential drawbacks to consider. You’ll incur costs and considerable responsibilities related to plan administration and compliance. Costs are also associated with annual stock valuations and the need to repurchase stock from employees who exercise put options.

Another potential disadvantage is that ESOPs are available only to corporations of either the C or S variety. Limited liability companies, partnerships and sole proprietorships must convert to one of these two entity types to establish an ESOP. Doing so will raise a variety of tax and financial issues.

In addition, it’s important to explore the potential negative impact of ESOP debt and other expenses on your financial statements and ability to qualify for loans.

Not a no-brainer

ESOPs have become fairly popular among small to midsize businesses. However, the decision to create, launch and administer one is far from a no-brainer. You’ll need to do a deep dive into all the details involved, discuss the concept with your leadership team and get professional advice. Contact FMD for help evaluating whether an ESOP would be a good fit for your business and succession plan.

Embrace the Future: Sales Forecasting for Businesses

So, how are sales looking for next year? It’s not a rhetorical question. Your business should be able to look ahead and accurately estimate how its future sales are shaping up. This practice is called sales forecasting, and doing it well is key to better managing your company’s financial performance.

Why it’s important

Formally defined, sales forecasting is a comprehensive process for estimating future revenue in a given period based on carefully chosen metrics and, often, human input.

The advantages of sales forecasts go far beyond simply establishing your sales team’s confidence level. Done properly, forecasts can help you and your leadership team set ambitious but achievable sales objectives in relation to broader strategic goals.

As a result, you can create more accurate budgets across the business and better allocate resources to ensure you’ll meet those objectives. In addition, sales forecasts often reveal strategic and operational risks before they become crises.

Quantitative vs. qualitative

Generally, two broad models are used for sales forecasting: quantitative and qualitative.

Quantitative forecasting involves gathering numerical data and applying statistical methods to generate revenue estimates. This usually starts with looking at historical sales results and identifying past trends. You can, for example, break down sales data by time periods, product or service lines, or regions to spot patterns and seasonal fluctuations.

Other internal business metrics also factor into quantitative forecasting. These may include:

• Return on investment of marketing campaigns,

• Measures related to productivity and staffing levels, and

• Inventory metrics.

And the data points don’t stop there. Sales forecasts can incorporate additional quantitative information drawn from global, national and local economic indicators; industry and market trends; and consumer behavior.

Qualitative sales forecasting relies less on hard data and more on the input of pertinent parties inside and outside your company. Such parties include your executive leadership team, as well as members of your sales and marketing departments. However, you can also gather qualitative feedback from customer surveys, focus groups and consultants.

Most businesses combine the quantitative and qualitative models to arrive at an optimal sales forecasting process. Start-ups and companies with limited operating histories may need to rely largely on qualitative input.

Best practices

There’s no one-size-fits-all sales forecasting process. The right one depends on your business’s distinctive features, operational requirements and strategic goals. Nonetheless, certain best practices generally apply to all companies. These include:

Defining the time frame. Most businesses generate sales forecasts monthly or quarterly. Newer companies or small businesses may be able to get away with annual sales forecasts because they have less data to work with. As a company grows, however, it will likely need to perform sales forecasts more often.

Choosing data points carefully and consistently. Quantitative sales forecasts generally must measure the same things over time so you can compare, contrast and pick up trends. When using the qualitative model, you may add contributors as necessary and feasible, but be careful about information overload.

Finding the right analytical method. You can crunch the numbers in various ways. Trend analysis, for instance, is suitable for businesses with stable and sizable historical data. Regression analysis can help you understand relationships between variables, such as marketing budget and sales. There are other approaches to consider as well.

Leveraging technology. You may be able to use software you already own to generate sales forecasts. For example, many customer relationship management platforms offer reporting functions that can help with forecasting. There’s also dedicated sales forecasting software available. Artificial intelligence is having a major positive impact on these products.

Continuous improvement

If your company is already generating sales forecasts, give yourself some credit. However, remember that you must continuously improve your current process to refine its accuracy, adapt to changes and incorporate evolving best practices. FMD can help you create a sales forecasting process or improve the one you have in place.

How to Evaluate and Undertake a Business Transformation

Many industries have undergone monumental changes over the last decade or so. Broadly, there are two ways to adapt to the associated challenges: slowly or quickly.

Although there’s much to be said about small, measured responses to economic change, some companies might want to undertake a more urgent, large-scale revision of their operations. This is called a “business transformation” and, under the right circumstances, it can be a prudent move.

Defining the concept

A business transformation is a strategically planned modification of how all or part of a company operates. In its broadest form, a transformation might change the very mission of the business. For example, a financial consulting firm might become a software provider. However, there are other more subtle variations, including:

• Digital transformation (implementing new technologies to digitalize every business function),

• Operational transformation (streamlining workflows or revising processes to change operations fundamentally), and

• Structural transformation (altering the leadership structure or reorganizing departments/units).

The overarching goal of any transformation is to boost the company’s financial performance by increasing efficiencies, improving customer service, seizing greater market share or entering a new market.

Making the call

Choosing to undertake a business transformation of any kind is a major decision. Before making the call, you and your leadership team must evaluate your company’s market position and identify what’s inhibiting growth and possibly even leading toward a downturn. Common indicators that a transformation may be needed include:

• Declining revenues with little to no projections of upswings,

• Outdated processes that are creating errors and upsetting customers,

• Intensifying competition that will be difficult or impossible to counter, and

• Shifts in customer expectations or demand that call for substantive changes.

To decide whether a business transformation is appropriate, you must conduct due diligence through measures such as analyzing financial data and market trends, gathering customer feedback, and obtaining the counsel of professional advisors.

5 general steps to follow

So, let’s say you do your due diligence and decide to move forward with a business transformation. Generally, companies follow five steps:

1. Set a clearly worded objective. The more specific you are in describing how you intend to transform your business, the more likely you are to accomplish that objective. Set aside the time and exercise the patience needed to find specificity and consensus with your leadership team, key employees and professional advisors.

2. Forecast the financial, legal and operational impacts. You must paint a realistic picture of how the big change will likely affect the business during and after the transformation. This is another step in which your professional advisors are critical. With their help, generate financial forecasts related to expenses and revenue changes, identify potential compliance risks and so forth.

3. Map out the road ahead. With a clear vision in mind and a wealth of information in hand, create a detailed roadmap to the transformation. A phased approach is typically best. Define milestones and align performance metrics to each phase. In addition, develop contingency plans in case you wander off course.

4. Communicate with stakeholders. Devise a communication strategy that addresses all key stakeholders — including employees, independent contractors, customers, vendors, suppliers, investors and lenders. Tailor the strategy to each audience, promoting transparency and encouraging buy-in.

5. Monitor progress and adapt as necessary. To increase your odds of success, you and your leadership team need to “stay on it.” Track metrics, allocate time to discussing progress, and be ready to overcome internal and external challenges.

Bold move

Business transformations are difficult to achieve. Insufficient planning, lack of financial oversight and employee resistance can derail efforts. Meanwhile, the necessary investments may strain cash flow. Worst of all, if you fail, you’ll have squandered all those resources.

On a more positive note, a successful business transformation can be a bold and powerful move toward achieving substantial growth and resilience. If you’re considering one, FMD can help you evaluate the concept and undertake the appropriate financial analyses.

Companies can Shine a Light on Financial Uncertainty with Flash Reports

Managing the financial performance of your business may sometimes seem like steering a ship through treacherous waters. Perhaps your voyage goes smoothly for a while until, quite suddenly, you hit a concerning dip or abrupt swell — either of which creates considerable operational pressure.

Your financial statements should provide keen insights into how your company is performing and where it’s headed. However, you probably generate them only monthly, quarterly or annually. That leaves lots of time in between when you may be sailing through a fog of uncertainty. Creating flash reports is one way to shine a light on the situation.

Take a snapshot

A flash report is a brief summary of a business’s current financial performance based on a few carefully selected metrics. The word “flash” is meant to evoke a camera taking a snapshot of key figures, such as cash balances, receivables aging, collections and payroll.

During seasonal peaks or when undertaking a turnaround, some companies create daily flash reports to track key activities such as sales, shipments and deposits. Otherwise, businesses generally create weekly or monthly reports, depending on their needs.

Flash reports should be as simple as possible. Those that take longer than an hour to prepare or take up more than one page are likely too complex. Flash reports should also be comparative — that is, they need to note significant trends or budgetary deviations that may call for corrective action.

Including graphs or tables can help nonfinancial staff who receive the reports, such as marketing and operations managers, read them more easily.

Use as directed

Flash reports can help you and your leadership team better catch and respond to financial performance developments that demand your attention. However, they have limitations.

First and foremost, flash reports provide a rough measure of financial performance within a short period. Therefore, they may not give a completely accurate picture of where your business stands. It’s common for items such as cash balances and collections to ebb and flow throughout the month, depending on billing cycles. So, you and your fellow report users must guard against overreaction.

Because of their “quick and dirty” nature, flash reports are best used for internal purposes only. Most companies don’t share them with investors, creditors or franchisors unless required under a bankruptcy or franchise agreement.

The risk is real: If shared flash reports deviate from what’s subsequently reported on your financial statements, stakeholders may wonder whether you’re:

• Exaggerating financial performance,

• Running into serious problems, or

• Mismanaging your financial reporting.

That said, some lenders may ask for flash reports if a borrower fails to meet liquidity, profitability or leverage covenants. Should you decide to share reports for any reason, consider adding a disclaimer that the results are preliminary, may contain errors or omissions, and haven’t been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (if you normally do so).

Get the info you need

Although you can probably find some flash report templates online, proceed cautiously. It’s imperative to design yours to provide the most relevant data for your company in the most readable format for your users. You may also need to occasionally revise the content and look of reports to keep up with changes to your business. Contact FMD for help developing flash reports, evaluating your current ones or improving any aspect of your financial reporting.

Choosing the Right Sales Compensation Model for Your Business

A strong sales team is the driving force of most small to midsize businesses. Strong revenue streams are hard to come by without skilled and engaged salespeople.

But what motivates these valued employees? First and foremost, equitable and enticing compensation. And therein lies a challenge for many companies: Choosing the right sales compensation model isn’t easy and may call for regular reevaluation. Let’s review some of the most popular models and note a recent trend.

Straight salary (or hourly wages)

The simplest way to pay sales staff is to offer a “straight salary,” meaning no commissions or other incentives are involved. (Some businesses may pay hourly wages instead, though this generally occurs only in a retail environment.)

The straight salary model’s advantage is that it’s easy for the company to administer and keeps payroll expenses predictable. It also provides financial stability for employees. The approach tends to work best in industries with long sales cycles and for particularly collaborative sales teams.

As you may have guessed, the downside is that it offers no financial incentive for salespeople to go beyond the status quo. This can result in flat sales and difficulty drawing new customers.

Commission only

Quite the opposite is the commission-only model. Here, sales team members earn income as a predetermined percentage of sales revenue. There are various ways to do this, but the bottom line is that staffers are compensated purely through sales wins; they don’t receive salaries.

The advantage is that they’re strongly motivated to succeed — one could even say it’s a “do or die” approach. This model often suits start-ups or businesses looking for quick growth without a big payroll budget. The risk for companies is that commission-only positions tend to have high turnover rates because salespeople lack income stability and may change jobs frequently.

Salary plus commission

Traditionally, this has been among the most popular compensation models. It combines the stability of a salary with the financial incentive of commissions. Generally, the salary will be relatively lower because sales staffers can make up the difference through the commissions.

For the business, this model may reduce turnover while still helping motivate employees. Its chief downsides are that salaries add to payroll expenses, and there’s a relatively high degree of administrative complexity involved in tracking and calculating commissions.

Salary plus performance-based incentives (hybrid)

If you’re interested in “what’s hot” in sales compensation, look no further. This model is often called “hybrid” because it combines a salary with various performance-based incentives tailored to the company’s needs.

Just last month, cloud-based sales software provider Xactly released the results of its annual Sales Compensation Report. Of 160 companies surveyed, 62% identified performance-based pay structures for sales reps as the biggest factor driving changes to sales compensation.

Like “base salary plus commission,” a hybrid model offers employees income stability — but it allows them to earn much more through multiple incentives. For businesses, the model may strengthen employee retention while motivating sales team members to meet targeted strategic objectives, such as increasing market share or driving top-line growth.

Companies have a wide variety of performance-based incentives to choose from, including:

• Financial bonuses for acquiring new customers or expanding into new territories,

• Profit-sharing plans that tie additional compensation to the company’s overall success, and

• Long-term incentives, such as stock options, restricted stock units and performance shares.

However, it’s critical to design a hybrid model carefully. One major risk is becoming “a victim of your own success” — that is, running into cash flow problems because you must pay salespeople substantial amounts for earning the incentives offered.

No pressure

If your sales compensation model works well, don’t feel pressured to change it just to keep up with the Joneses. However, as your business grows, you may want to adjust or revise it to sustain or, better yet, increase that growth. FMD can help you evaluate your current model and make necessary adjustments that fit your company’s needs and budget.

Businesses have Options for Technology Leadership Positions

To say that technology continues to affect how businesses operate and interact with customers and prospects would be an understatement. According to the Business Software Market Size report issued by market researchers Mordor Intelligence, the global market size for commercial software is projected to reach $650 million this year and $1.10 trillion by 2029.

And that’s just software. Companies must also contend with technological issues such as hardware, skilled labor, strategy and cybersecurity. Just one of the resulting demands that this pressure is putting on businesses is a keen need for tech leadership.

If your company has grown to the point where it could use an executive-level employee with specialized knowledge of and laser focus on technology issues, you have plenty of options.

Positions to consider

Here are some of the most widely used position titles for technology executives:

Chief Information Officer (CIO). This person is typically responsible for managing a company’s internal IT infrastructure and operations. In fact, an easy way to remember the purpose of this position is to replace the word “Information” with “Internal.” A CIO’s job is to oversee the purchase, implementation and proper use of technological systems and products that will maximize the efficiency and productivity of the business.

Chief Technology Officer (CTO). In contrast to a CIO, a CTO focuses on external processes — specifically with customers and vendors. This person usually oversees the development and eventual production of technological products or services that will meet customer needs and increase revenue. The position demands the ability to live on the cutting edge by doing constant research into tech trends while also being highly collaborative with employees and vendors.

Chief Digital Officer (CDO). For some companies, the CIO and/or CTO are so busy with their respective job duties that they’re unable to look very far ahead. This is where a CDO typically comes into play. The primary purpose of this position is to spot new markets, channels or even business models that the company can target, explore and perhaps eventually profit from. So, while a CIO looks internally and a CTO looks externally, a CDO’s gaze is set on a more distant horizon.

Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer (CAIO). Did you really think you were going to make it through a technology article without reading about AI? Yes, more and more businesses are taking on executives whose primary responsibility is to create the company’s overall AI strategy and ensure it:

• Aligns with the business’s overall strategic goals, and

• Enhances the company’s digital transformation, which many businesses are continuing to undergo as they adapt to new technologies.

CAIOs are also typically responsible for understanding the global and national regulatory environments regarding AI, as well as ensuring the business uses AI ethically.

Big decision

Adding an executive-level position to your company is clearly a big decision. Along with making a sizable outlay for compensation and benefits, you’ll likely spend considerable time and resources on the search and onboarding processes. So be sure to discuss the matter thoroughly with your existing leadership team and professional advisors. FMD can help you identify and project all the costs involved.

5 Steps to Creating a Pay Transparency Strategy

Today’s job seekers and employees have grown accustomed to having an incredible amount of information at their fingertips. As a result, many businesses find that failing to adequately disclose certain things negatively impacts their relationships with these parties.

Take pay transparency, for example. This is the practice, or lack thereof, of a company openly sharing its compensation philosophy, policies and procedures with job candidates, employees and even the public. It typically means disclosing pay ranges or rates for specific positions, as well as clearly explaining how raises, bonuses and commissions are determined.

You’re not alone if your business has yet to formalize or articulate its pay transparency strategy. In its 2024 Global Pay Transparency Report, released in January of this year, global consultancy Mercer reported that only 19% of U.S. companies have a pay transparency strategy. Here are five general steps to creating one:

1. Conduct a payroll audit. Over time, your company may have developed a relatively complex compensation structure and payroll system. By meticulously evaluating and identifying all related expenditures under a formal audit, you can determine what information you need to share and which data points should remain confidential.

You may also catch inconsistencies and disparities that need to be addressed. Ultimately, an audit can provide the raw data you need to understand whether and how your company’s compensation aligns with the roles and responsibilities of each position.

2. Define or refine compensation criteria. To be transparent about pay, your business needs clear and consistent criteria for how it arrived — and will arrive — at compensation-related decisions. If such criteria are already in place, you may need to refine the language used to describe them. Again, your objective is to clearly explain to job candidates and employees how your company makes pay decisions so you can reduce or eliminate any perception of bias or unfairness.

3. Develop a communications “substrategy.” Under your broader pay transparency strategy, your company must have a comprehensive substrategy for communicating about compensation with job candidates, employees and, if you so choose, the public. There are many ways to go about this, and the details will depend on your company’s size, industry, mission and other factors. However, common aspects of a communications substrategy include:

• Providing written guidelines explaining your compensation philosophy and structure,

• Supplementing those guidelines with an internal FAQs document,

• Holding companywide or department-specific Q&A sessions, and

• Using digital platforms to share updates and issue reminders.

4. Train and rely on supervisors. Your people managers must be the frontline champions and communicators of your pay transparency strategy. Unfortunately, many companies struggle with this. In the aforementioned Mercer report, 37% of U.S. companies identified managers’ inability to explain compensation programs as their biggest challenge in this area.

Naturally, it all begins with training. Once you’ve defined or refined your compensation criteria and developed a communications substrategy, invest the time and resources into educating supervisors (and higher-level managers) about them. These individuals need to become experts who can discuss your business’s compensation philosophy, policies, procedures and decisions. And it’s critical that their messaging be accurate and consistent to prevent misunderstandings and misinformation.

5. Get input from professional advisors. Before you roll out a formal pay transparency strategy, ask for input from external parties. Doing so is especially important for small businesses that may have only a few voices involved in the planning process.

For example, a qualified employment attorney can help ensure your strategy is legally compliant and limit your potential exposure to lawsuits. And don’t forget FMD — we’d be happy to assist you in conducting a payroll audit, identifying all compensation-related expenses and aligning your strategy with your business objectives.

Are Your Employees Suffering from Retirement Plan Leakage?

Today’s small to midsize businesses are often urged to help employees improve their financial wellness. And for good reason: Financially struggling workers tend to have higher stress and anxiety levels. They may be less productive and more prone to errors. Some might even decide to commit fraud.

One hallmark of an employee facing serious financial trouble is “retirement plan leakage.” This term refers to the withdrawal of account funds before retirement age for reasons other than retirement. If your company sponsors a qualified plan, such as a 401(k), be sure you’re at least aware of this risk — and strongly consider taking steps to address it.

Potential dangers

Some business owners might say, “If my plan participants want to blow their retirement savings, that’s not my problem.” And there’s no denying that your employees are free to manage their finances any way they choose.

However, retirement plan leakage does raise potential dangers for your company. For starters, it may lead to higher plan expenses. Fees are often determined on a per-account or per-participant basis. When a plan loses funds to leakage, total assets and individual account sizes shrink, which hurts administrative efficiency and raises costs.

More broadly, as mentioned, employees taking pre-retirement withdrawals generally indicates they’re facing unusual financial challenges. This can lead to all the negative consequences we mentioned above — and others.

For example, workers who raid their accounts may be unable to retire when they reach retirement age. So, they might stick around longer but be less engaged, helpful and collaborative. Employees not near retirement age may take on second jobs or “side gigs” that distract them from their duties. And it’s unfortunately worth repeating: Motivation to commit fraud likely increases.

Mitigation measures

Perhaps the most important thing business owners can do to limit leakage is educate and remind employees about how pre-retirement withdrawals diminish their accounts and can delay their anticipated retirement dates. While you’re at it, provide broader financial education to help workers better manage living expenses, amass savings, and minimize or avoid the need for early withdrawals.

In addition, one recent and relevant development to keep in mind is the introduction of “pension-linked” emergency savings accounts (PLESAs) under the SECURE 2.0 law. Employers that sponsor certain defined contribution plans, including 401(k)s, can offer these accounts to employees who aren’t highly compensated per the IRS definition. Additional rules and limits apply, but PLESAs can serve as “firewalls” to protect participants from having to raid their retirement accounts when crises happen.

Some companies launch their own emergency loan programs, with funds repayable through payroll deductions. Others have revised their plan designs to reduce the number of situations in which participants can take out hardship withdrawals or loans.

Pernicious problem

It’s probably impossible to eliminate leakage from every one of your participants’ accounts. However, awareness — both on your part and those participants’ — is critical to limiting the damage that this pernicious problem can cause. FMD can help you identify and evaluate all the costs associated with your qualified retirement plan, as well as other fringe benefits you sponsor.

How businesses can better retain their salespeople

The U.S. job market has largely stabilized since the historic disruption of the pandemic and the unusual fluctuations that followed. But the fact remains that employee retention is mission-critical for businesses. Retaining employees is still generally less expensive than finding and hiring new ones. And strong retention is one of the hallmarks of a healthy employer brand.

One role that’s been historically challenging to retain is salesperson. In many industries, sales departments have higher turnover rates than other departments. If this has been the case at your company, don’t give up hope. There are ways to address the challenge.

Lay out the welcome mat

For starters, don’t focus retention efforts only on current salespeople. Begin during hiring and ramp up with onboarding. A rushed, confusing, or cold approach to hiring can get things off on the wrong foot. In such cases, new hires tend to enter the workplace cautiously or skeptically, with their eyes on the exit sign rather than the “upper floors” of a company.

Onboarding is also immensely important. Many salespeople tell horror stories of being shown to a cubicle with nothing but a telephone on the desk and told to “Get to it.” With so many people still working remotely, a new sales hire might not even get that much attention. Welcome new employees warmly, provide ample training, and perhaps give them a mentor to help them get comfortable with your business and its culture.

Incentivize your team

Even when hiring and onboarding go well, most employees will still consider a competitor’s job offer if the pay is right. So, to improve your chances of retaining top sales producers and their customers, consider financial incentives.

Offering retention bonuses and rewards for maintaining or increasing sales — in addition to existing compensation plans — can help. Make such incentives easy to understand and clearly achievable. Although interim bonus programs might be expensive in the near term, they can stabilize sales and prevent sharp declines.

When successful, a bonus program will help you generate more long-term revenue to offset the immediate costs. That said, financial incentives need to be carefully designed so they don’t adversely affect cash flow or leave your business vulnerable to fraud.

Give them a voice

Salespeople interact with customers and prospects in ways many other employees don’t. As a result, they may have some great ideas for capitalizing on your company’s strengths and shoring up its weaknesses.

Look into forming a sales leadership team to help evaluate the potential benefits and risks of goals proposed during strategic planning. The team should include two to four top sellers who are given some relief from their regular responsibilities so they can offer feedback and contribute ideas from their distinctive perspectives. The sales leadership team can also:

• Serve as a clearinghouse for customer concerns and competitor strategies,

• Collaborate with the marketing department to improve messaging about current or upcoming product or service offerings, and

• Participate in developing new products or services based on customer feedback and demand.

Above all, giving your salespeople a voice in the strategic direction of the company can help them feel more invested in the success of the business and motivated to stay put.

Assume nothing

Business owners and their leadership teams should never assume they can’t solve the dilemma of high turnover in the sales department. The answer often lies in proactively investigating the problem and then taking appropriate steps to help salespeople feel more welcomed and appreciated. FMD can help your company calculate turnover rate, identify and track its hiring and employment costs, and assess the feasibility of financial incentives.

3 Areas of Focus for Companies Looking to Control Costs

Controlling costs is fundamental for every business. But where and how to address this challenge can change over time based on various economic and logistical factors.

Earlier this year, global consultancy Boston Consulting Group published a report entitled The CEO’s Guide to Costs and Growth. Within it were the results of a survey of 600 C-suite executives that found, among other things, cost management was a top priority for respondents heading into 2024. According to the survey, three of the top categories for cost-cutting initiatives were:

1. Supply chain / manufacturing. Not every company incurs manufacturing costs, but most have a supply chain. Costs and delays in this area soared during the pandemic because of global disruptions and backups. Since then, some sense of normalcy has returned, though that doesn’t mean managing supply chain costs has become easy.

Many companies find that most of their spending is done with just a few vendors. By identifying these vendors and consolidating spending with them, you may be able to put yourself in a stronger position to negotiate volume discounts. Consolidating your supplier base also tends to streamline the administrative work associated with purchasing.

It also pays to really know your suppliers. One way to gather an abundance of relevant information is to conduct a supplier audit. This is a formal process for collecting key data regarding each supplier’s performance to manage quality control and ensure you’re getting an acceptable return on investment.

2. Labor/nonlabor overhead. Controlling labor costs is tricky in today’s environment. Many industries are facing skilled labor shortages, meaning businesses would love to spend more on labor if they could find people to fill those positions. Nevertheless, with payroll being such a dominant expense category for most companies, it’s critical to monitor these costs and prevent overspending.

A logical first step in managing labor costs is to know how much you’re spending. And the answer isn’t as simple as looking at the total gross wages you pay out every month or year. You need to know the actual and total amount of these costs. Fortunately, there’s a metric for that. Labor burden rate reflects the additional costs that companies incur beyond gross wages. These generally include expenses such as payroll taxes, workers’ compensation insurance, and fringe benefits. Knowing your labor burden rate can enable you to truly “right-size” your workforce.

Beyond that, outsourcing remains an option for mitigating labor costs — especially given the vast pool of independent contractors now available. Although you’ll obviously incur costs when outsourcing, the time and labor cost that it saves you could end up a net gain. Carefully chosen and implemented technology upgrades can provide similar results.

3. Marketing/sales. Much like labor, strong marketing, and sales are critical to most businesses operating today. So, skimping on their related costs typically isn’t going to pay off. But, of course, you also need to ensure a strong return on investment.

Again, choosing and monitoring the right metrics can prove useful here. The optimal ones tend to vary by industry and company type, but some of the most widely used for marketing purposes include lead conversion rate, click-through rate for online ads, and cost per lead. Popular sales metrics include total revenue, year-over-year growth, and average customer lifetime value.

Whether it’s sales metrics, labor burden rate, or supply chain management, getting objective, professional advice can help you and your leadership team obtain an accurate picture of what’s going on with your costs and target feasible solutions. Please consider the FMD team for assistance.

Does Your Company Have an EAP? If so, be Mindful of Compliance

Many businesses have established employee assistance programs (EAPs) to help their workforces deal with the mental health, substance abuse, and financial challenges that have become so widely recognized in modern society.

EAPs are voluntary and confidential work-based intervention programs designed to help employees and their dependents deal with issues that may be affecting their mental health and job performance. These may include workplace stress, grief, depression, marriage/family problems, psychological disorders, financial troubles, and alcohol and drug dependency.

Whether your company is considering an EAP or already offers one, among the most important factors to keep in mind is compliance.

Start with ERISA

Several different federal laws may come into play with EAPs. A good place to start when studying your compliance risks is the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). The law’s provisions address critical compliance matters such as creating a plan document and Summary Plan Description, performing fiduciary duties, following claims procedures, and filing IRS Form 5500, “Annual Return/Report of Employee Benefit Plan.”

Although most people associate ERISA with qualified health care and retirement plans, the law can be applicable to EAPs depending on how a particular program is structured and what benefits it provides. Generally, a fringe benefit is considered an ERISA welfare benefit plan if it’s a plan, fund, or program established or maintained by an employer to provide ERISA-listed benefits, which include medical services.

The category of ERISA-listed benefits most likely to be provided by an EAP is medical care or benefits. Mental health counseling — whether for substance abuse, stress, or other issues — is considered medical care. Accordingly, an EAP providing mental health counseling will probably be subject to ERISA. On the other hand, an EAP that provides only referrals and general information, and isn’t staffed by trained counselors, likely isn’t an ERISA plan.

Bear in mind that EAPs that primarily use referrals could still be considered to provide medical benefits if the individuals handling initial phone consultations and making the referrals are trained in an applicable field, such as psychology or social work. If an EAP provides any benefit subject to ERISA, then the entire program must comply with the law — even if it also provides non-ERISA benefits.

Check up on other laws

EAPs considered to be group health plans are also typically subject to the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (commonly known as “COBRA”) and certain other group health plan mandates, including mental health parity.

Also, keep in mind that EAPs that receive medical information from participants — even if the programs only make referrals and don’t provide medical care — must comply with privacy and security rules under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

In addition, EAPs providing medical care or treatment could trigger certain provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). EAPs meeting specified criteria, however, can be defined as an “excepted benefit” not subject to HIPAA portability or certain ACA requirements.

Cover all bases

Given the rising awareness and acceptance of mental health care alone, EAPs could become as common as health insurance and retirement plans in many companies’ employee benefit packages.

Whether you’re thinking about one or already have an EAP up and running, it’s a good idea to consult an attorney regarding your company’s compliance risks. Meanwhile, please FMD for help identifying and tracking the costs involved, as well as understanding the tax impact.

IRS Issues Final Regulations on Inherited IRAs

The IRS has published new regulations relevant to taxpayers subject to the “10-year rule” for required minimum distributions (RMDs) from inherited IRAs or other defined contribution plans. The final regs, which take this year, require many beneficiaries to take annual RMDs in the 10 years following the deceased’s death.

SECURE Act ended stretch IRAs

The genesis of the new regs dates back to the 2019 enactment of the Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement (SECURE) Act. One of the many changes in that tax law was the elimination of so-called “stretch IRAs.”

Previously, all beneficiaries of inherited IRAs could stretch RMDs over their entire life expectancies. Younger heirs in particular benefited by taking smaller distributions for decades, deferring taxes while the accounts grew. These heirs also could pass on the IRAs to later generations, deferring the taxes even longer.

The SECURE Act created limitations on which heirs can stretch IRAs. These limits are intended to force beneficiaries to take distributions and expedite the collection of taxes. Specifically, for IRA owners or defined contribution plan participants who died in 2020 or later, only “eligible designated beneficiaries” (EDB) are permitted to stretch out payments over their life expectancies. The following heirs are considered eligible for this favorable treatment:

• Surviving spouses,

• Children younger than “the age of majority,”

• Individuals with disabilities,

• Chronically ill individuals, and

• Individuals who are no more than 10 years younger than the account owner.

All other heirs (known as designated beneficiaries) are required to take the entire balance of the account within 10 years of the death, regardless of whether the deceased died before, on, or after the required beginning date (RBD) of his or her RMDs.

Note: In 2023, under another law, the age at which account owners must begin taking RMDs increased from 72 to 73, pushing the RBD date to April 1 of the year after the account owner turns 73. The age is slated to jump to 75 in 2033.

Proposed regs muddied the waters

In February 2022, the IRS issued proposed regs addressing the 10-year rule — and they brought some bad news for many affected heirs. The proposed regs provided that, if the deceased dies on or after the RBD, designated beneficiaries must take their taxable RMDs in years one through nine after death (based on their life expectancies), receiving the balance in the tenth year. A lump-sum distribution at the end of 10 years wouldn’t be allowed.

The IRS soon heard from confused taxpayers who had recently inherited IRAs or defined contribution plans and didn’t know when they were required to start taking RMDs. Beneficiaries could have been hit with a penalty based on the amounts that should have been distributed but weren’t. This penalty was 50% before 2023 but was lowered to 25% starting in 2023 (or 10% if a corrective distribution was made in a timely manner). The plans themselves could have been disqualified for failing to make RMDs.

As a result, the IRS issued a series of waivers on enforcement of the 10-year rule. With the release of the final regulations, the waivers will come to an end after 2024.

Final regs settle the matter

The IRS reviewed comments on the proposed regs suggesting that if the deceased began taking RMDs before death, the designated beneficiaries shouldn’t be required to continue the annual distributions as long as the remaining account balance is fully distributed within 10 years of death. The final regs instead require these beneficiaries to continue receiving annual distributions.

If the deceased hadn’t begun taking his or her RMDs, though, the 10-year rule is somewhat different. While the account has to be fully liquidated under the same timeline, no annual distributions are required. That gives beneficiaries more opportunity for tax planning.

To illustrate, let’s say that a designated beneficiary inherited an IRA in 2021 from a family member who had begun to take RMDs. Under the waivers, the beneficiary needn’t take RMDs for 2022 through 2024. The beneficiary must, however, take annual RMDs for 2025 through 2030, with the account fully distributed by the end of 2031. Had the deceased not started taking RMDs however, the beneficiary would have the flexibility to not take any distributions in 2025 through 2030. So long as the account was fully liquidated by the end of 2031, the beneficiary would be in compliance.

Additional proposed regs

The IRS released another set of proposed regs regarding other RMD-related changes made by SECURE 2.0, including the age when individuals born in 1959 must begin taking RMDs. Under the proposed regs, the “applicable age” for them would be 73 years.

They also include rules addressing:

• The purchase of an annuity with part of an employee’s defined contribution plan account,

• Distributions from designated Roth accounts,

• Corrective distributions,

• Spousal elections after a participant’s death,

• Divorce after the purchase of a qualifying longevity annuity contract, and

• Outright distributions to a trust beneficiary.

The proposed regs take effect in 2025.

Timing matters

It’s important to realize that even though RMDs from an inherited IRA aren’t yet required, that doesn’t mean a beneficiary shouldn’t take distributions. If you’ve inherited an IRA or a defined contribution plan and are unsure of whether you should be taking RMDs, contact us. We’d be pleased to help you determine the best course of action for your tax situation.

3 Ways Businesses Can Get More Bang for Their Marketing Bucks

Most small to midsize businesses today operate in tough, competitive environments. That means it’s imperative to identify and reach the right customers and prospects.

However, unlike large companies, your business probably doesn’t have a massive marketing department with seemingly limitless resources. You’ve got to pursue savvy campaigns while also controlling costs. Here are three fundamental ways to get more bang for your marketing bucks.

1. Set a budget, rinse, repeat

Many companies, particularly start-ups and small businesses, engage in “marketing by desperation.” That is, they throw money at the problem haphazardly and hope for good results. A better strategy is to take a step back and set a realistic marketing budget based on factors such as:

• Projected annual revenue (one rule of thumb is to allocate 5% to 10% of annual gross revenue to marketing, but this may not always be applicable),

• Industry benchmarks (such as what similar-sized businesses in your industry spend on marketing), and

• Growth goals (more aggressive growth may call for more dollars allocated).

Unfortunately, you can’t take a “set-it-and-forget-it” approach to your marketing budget. Every quarter, or at least at year end, compare your “marketing spend” to return on investment (ROI) using clear, verifiable financial metrics. Look for both 1) wasteful spending that you can eliminate or reallocate to other parts of the business, and 2) successful spending strategies that you can use for future campaigns. Regular budgetary reviews and adjustments will help your company adapt to industry and market changes without over- or underfunding marketing efforts.

2. Use metrics and technology to assess campaigns

One of the great things about marketing today is that many different metrics can help fine-tune your efforts. Examples include number of leads generated, lead conversion rate, and customer acquisition cost. An analytics-driven approach allows you to precisely measure the performance of your marketing campaigns.

Calculating these and other metrics shouldn’t involve pen and paper! You can use various technology tools to gather data, generate reports, and track progress. For example, if you use Google Business, it offers Google Analytics. This tool helps businesses track and analyze website traffic and visitor behavior. Other platforms, including most social media apps, offer similar functionality.

To take things to the next level, assuming you haven’t already, consider investing in customer relationship management software. Carefully selected and implemented, one of these solutions can allow you to input, gather, track, and analyze massive amounts of data to support marketing campaigns.

3. Avoid common mistakes

As you look to increase marketing ROI, watch out for common mistakes. First, don’t ignore the importance of meticulously defining your target audience. Although casting a wide net may seem like a good idea, doing so often leads to inconsistent results and wasted spending.

Second, don’t go overboard on paid ads. There are many forms of these online — including ads associated with search engines, websites, social media platforms, and video channels. On the plus side, they may yield quick results. However, they can also drain your marketing budget if you don’t manage them diligently. A best practice is to start with a small number of paid ads (even just one), test different ways to use them, and scale up based on positive results.

Last, never lose sight of the power of referrals. Word of mouth remains perhaps the most cost-effective way to market your business. Encourage satisfied customers to leave positive reviews on your website and social media channels. Consider offering discounts or freebies for referrals or online shout-outs.

Maximize positive impact

At the end of the day, getting a solid ROI from marketing is much more than simply cutting costs. You have to maximize the positive impact of your spending. Contact your FMD advisor for help creating and maintaining marketing budgets that align with your strategic goals and integrate well with your company’s other operational areas.

So Many KPIs, So Much Time: An Overview for Businesses

From the moment they launch their companies, business owners are urged to use key performance indicators (KPIs) to monitor performance. And for good reason: When you drive a car, you’ve got to keep an eye on the gauges to keep from going too fast and know when it’s time to service the vehicle. The same logic applies to running a business.

As you may have noticed, however, there are many KPIs to choose from. Perhaps you’ve tried tracking some for a while and others after that, only to become overwhelmed by too much information. Sometimes it helps to back up and review the general concept of KPIs so you can revisit which ones are likely best for your business.

Financial Metrics

One way to make choosing KPIs easier is to separate them into two broad categories: financial and nonfinancial. Starting with the former, you can subdivide financial metrics into smaller buckets based on strategic objectives. Examples include:

Growth. Like most business owners, you’re probably looking to grow your company over time. However, if not carefully planned for and tightly controlled, growth can land a company in hot water or even put it out of business. So, to manage growth, you may want to monitor basic KPIs such as:

• Debt to equity: total debt / shareholders’ equity, and

• Debt to tangible net worth: total debt / net worth – intangible assets.

Cash flow management. Maintaining or, better yet, strengthening cash flow is certainly a good aspiration for any company. Poor cash flow — not slow sales or lagging profits — often leads businesses into crises. To help keep the dollars moving, you may want to keep a close eye on:

• Current ratio: current assets / current liabilities, and

• Days sales outstanding: accounts receivable / credit sales × number of days.

Inventory optimization. If your company maintains inventory, you’ll no doubt want to set annual, semiannual or quarterly objectives for how to best move items on and off your shelves. Many businesses waste money by allowing slow-moving inventory to sit idle for too long. To optimize inventory management, consider KPIs such as:

• Inventory turnover: cost of goods sold / average inventory, and

• Average days to sell inventory: average inventory/cost of goods sold × number of days in period.

Nonfinancial Metrics

Not every KPI you track needs to relate to dollars and cents. Companies often use nonfinancial KPIs to set goals, track progress, and determine incentives in areas such as customer service, sales, marketing and production. Here are two examples:

1. Let’s say you decide to set a goal to resolve customer complaints faster. To determine where you stand, you could calculate average resolution time. This KPI is usually expressed as total time to resolve all complaints divided by number of complaints resolved. In many industries, a common benchmark is 24 to 48 hours.

2. Perhaps you want to increase the number of sales leads you close. In this case, the KPI could be sales close rate, which is typically calculated by dividing number of closed deals by number of sales leads. Benchmarks for this metric vary by industry, but somewhere around 20% is generally considered good.

Nonfinancial KPIs enable you to do more than just say, “Let’s provide better customer service!” or “Let’s close more sales!” They allow you to assign specific data points to business activities, so you can objectively determine whether you’re getting better at them.

Scalable measurements

The sheer number of KPIs — both financial and nonfinancial — will probably only grow. The good news is, you’ve got time. Choose a handful that make the most sense for your company and track them over a substantial period. Then, make adjustments based on the level of insight they provide.

You can also scale up how many metrics you track as your business grows or scale them down if you’re pumping the brakes. FMD can help you identify the optimal KPIs for your company right now and integrate new ones in the months or years ahead.

Business owners: Be sure you’re properly classifying cash flows

Properly prepared financial statements provide a wealth of information about your company. But the operative words there are “properly prepared.” Classifying information accurately isn’t always easy — especially as the business grows and its financial transactions become more complex.

Case in point: your statement of cash flows. Customarily, it shows the sources (money entering) and uses (money exiting) of cash. That may sound simple enough, but optimally classifying different cash flows can be complicated.

Under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), statements of cash flows are typically organized into three sections: 1) cash flows from operating activities, 2) cash flows from investing activities, and 3) cash flows from financing activities. Let’s take a closer look at each.

Operating activities

This section of the statement of cash flows usually starts with accrual-basis net income. Then, it’s adjusted for items related to normal business operations. Examples include income taxes; stock-based compensation; gains or losses on asset sales; and net changes in accounts receivable, inventory, prepaid assets, accrued expenses and payables.

The cash flows from operating activities section is also adjusted for depreciation and amortization. These noncash expenses reflect wear and tear on equipment and other fixed assets.

The bottom of the section shows the cash used in producing and delivering goods or providing services. Several successive years of negative operating cash flows can signal that a business is struggling and may be headed toward liquidation or a forced sale.

Investing activities

If your company buys or sells property, equipment or marketable securities, such transactions should show up in the cash flows from investing activities section. It reveals whether a business is reinvesting in its future operations — or divesting assets for emergency funds.

Business acquisitions and disposals are generally reported in this section, too. However, contingent payments from an acquisition are classified as cash flows from investing activities only if they’re paid soon after the acquisition date. Later contingent payments are classified as financing outflows. Any payment over the liability is classified as an operations outflow.

Financing activities

This third section of the statement of cash flows shows your company’s ability to obtain funds from either debt from lenders or equity from investors. It includes new loan proceeds, principal repayments, dividends paid, issuances of securities or bonds, additional capital contributions by owners, and stock repurchases.

Noncash transactions are reported in a separate schedule at the bottom of the statement of cash flows or in a narrative footnote disclosure. For example, suppose a business buys equipment using loan proceeds. In such a case, the transaction would typically appear at the bottom of the statement rather than as a cash outflow from investing activities and an inflow from financing activities.

Other examples of noncash financing transactions are:

• Issuing stock to pay off long-term debt, and

• Converting preferred stock to common stock.

In those two instances and others, no cash changes hands. Nonetheless, financial statement users, such as investors and lenders, want to know about and understand these transactions.

Help is available

As you can see, deciding how to classify some transactions to comply with GAAP can be tricky. Whenever confusion or uncertainty arises, give us a call. We can work with you and your accounting team to make the best decision. We can also help you improve your financial reporting in other ways.

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